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Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI). We use JNDI to look up an EJB home in an EJB server just like you might use a phone book to find the home number of a friend or business associate. JNDI is a standard Java optional package that provides a uniform API for accessing a wide range of services. In this respect, it is somewhat similar to JDBC, which provides uniform access to different relational databases. Just as JDBC lets you write code that doesn t care whether it s talking to an Oracle database or a Sybase database, JNDI lets you write code that can access different directory and naming services, like LDAP, Novell Netware NDS, CORBA Naming Service, and the naming services provided by EJB servers. EJB servers are required to support JNDI by organizing beans into a directory structure and providing a JNDI driver, called a service provider, for accessing that directory structure. Using JNDI, an enterprise can organize its beans, services, data, and other resources in a large virtual directory structure, which can provide a very powerful mechanism for binding together normally disparate systems. The great thing about JNDI is that it is virtual and dynamic. JNDI is virtual because it allows one directory service to be linked to another through simple URLs. The URLs in JNDI are analogous to HTML links. Clicking on a link in HTML allows a user to load the contents of a web page. The new web page could be downloaded from the same host as the starting page or from a completely different web site the location of the linked page is transparent to the user. Likewise, using JNDI, you can drill down through directories to files, printers, EJB home objects, and other resources using links that are similar to HTML links. The directories and subdirectories can be located in the same host or can be physically hosted at completely different locations. The user doesn t know or care where the directories are actually located. As a developer or administrator, you can create virtual directories that span a variety of different services over many different physical locations. JNDI is dynamic because it allows the JNDI drivers (a.k.a. service providers) for specific types of directory services to be loaded at runtime. A driver maps a specific kind of directory service into the standard JNDI class interfaces. Drivers have been created for LDAP, Novell NetWare NDS, Sun Solaris NIS+, CORBA Naming Service, and many other types of naming and directory services. When a link to a different directory service is chosen, the driver for that type of directory service is automatically loaded from the directory s host, if it is not already resident on the user s machine. Automatically downloading JNDI drivers makes it possible for a client to navigate across arbitrary directory services without knowing in advance what kinds of services it is likely to find. JNDI allows the application client to view the EJB server as a set of directories, like directories in a common filesystem. After the client application locates and obtains a remote reference to the EJB home using JNDI, the client can use the EJB home to obtain an EJB object reference to an enterprise bean. In the TravelAgent EJB and the Cabin EJB, which you worked with in Chapter 4, you Copyright (c) 2001 O’Reilly & Associates
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